Englishfor English speakers
substantiation
—
noun
(= validation)
the act of validating; finding or testing the truth of something
—
noun
(= confirmation)
additional proof that something that was believed (some fact or hypothesis or theory) is correct
fossils provided further confirmation of the evolutionary theory
of
Preposition
—
Made using.
It is a house of cards.
the
Determiner
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Used, instead of a, to reference something specific, already known to exist.
Compare "I read a book." and "I read the book."
—
Used with a stress, to show that the word following is special.
Are you the John Smith that I went to school with?
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Used with an adjective that acts like a noun to mean all of the people concerned
The poor are always with us.
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Used with superlatives forms of adjectives and adverbs.
You are the best.
initial
Adjective
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(span style="color:green"usually before the noun/span) The initial period, stages, etc. come near the beginning.
They send most workers to the US after an initial training period of three months.
With these cars, the initial cost is high, but you save money in the long run.
My initial reaction when I saw the bear was to run and hide.
initial
Noun
—
An initial is the first letter of a name.
He found a bag with the initials D.B.R.
His name is Daniel Jr., His initial is D.J.
initial
Verb
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If you initial something, you write the first letter of each of your names on it (or sometimes just your first and last name).
Can you initial this form here, please?
data
Noun
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Data is information, such as facts, numbers, photographs, etc.
A study using experimental data from ten schools found no difference between methods.