Englishfor English speakers
stand
Verb
—
When you stand, your body is at rest and supported only by your feet.
I stand in the bus when there are no seats.
He stood in line at the store for a long time.
stand
Noun
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A stand is a position or opinion that you plan to defend and not move from.
—
You put something on a stand to keep it off the ground or floor.
The clock was on the night stand next to the bed.
by
Preposition
—
near or next to.
The mailbox is by the bus stop.
—
at some time before (the given time).
Be back by ten o'clock!
—
if something is done by somebody, it is done through their action
The matter was decided by the chairman.
The boat was swamped by the water.
He was protected by his body armour.
—
if something is created by somebody, they are the creator, author, etc.
There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare.
—
shows how someone does something
I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.
—
using the rules or logic of.
I sorted the items by category.
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with a change of. In this case, by shows how much something has changed.
Our stock is up by ten percent.
—
shows how slowly, or how quickly, someone does something (used in the form "X by X" or "by Xs")
We went through the book page by page.
We crawled forward by inches.
—
If you multiply mathx/math by mathy/math, you multiply mathx/math × mathy/math.
Five multiplied by seven is 35.
—
If you divide mathx/math by mathy/math, you find how many mathy/maths are in mathx/math.
35 divided by seven is five.
me
Pronoun
—
You use me instead of your name, to refer to yourself.
This is my book. It belongs to me.