Englishfor English speakers
loss
Noun
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A loss happens when something goes where people can't find it. People don't know where the thing is or they don't have it any more.
The loss of my keys means I can't go into my house today.
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Loss is when someone's loved one dies. When someone dies, they are no longer with you.
I loss both of my grandparents from old age.
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A loss (shown as L) is charged to the pitcher of the losing team.
by
Preposition
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near or next to.
The mailbox is by the bus stop.
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at some time before (the given time).
Be back by ten o'clock!
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if something is done by somebody, it is done through their action
The matter was decided by the chairman.
The boat was swamped by the water.
He was protected by his body armour.
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if something is created by somebody, they are the creator, author, etc.
There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare.
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shows how someone does something
I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.
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using the rules or logic of.
I sorted the items by category.
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with a change of. In this case, by shows how much something has changed.
Our stock is up by ten percent.
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shows how slowly, or how quickly, someone does something (used in the form "X by X" or "by Xs")
We went through the book page by page.
We crawled forward by inches.
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If you multiply mathx/math by mathy/math, you multiply mathx/math × mathy/math.
Five multiplied by seven is 35.
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If you divide mathx/math by mathy/math, you find how many mathy/maths are in mathx/math.
35 divided by seven is five.
friction
Noun
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Friction is the resistance that surfaces or objects have when moving over another.
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Friction is the conflict between people that have different ideas or interests.