Englishfor English speakers
guideline
Noun
—
A guideline is a formal suggestion about how something should be done, but it is not a rule.
If you are a new driver you should try to follow these basic safety guidelines.
Our new guidelines will also say that we must be careful treat everyone equally.
The general guidelines for healthy eating stay the same.
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A guideline is a line on a page that helps you see where to write or how to draw something.
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A guideline is a rope or string that shows you where to go.
for
Preposition
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shows that something belongs to something else, or has a specific function
This cake is for you.
This is a net for catching fish.
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For is used to show the reason for something
He was angry, for he had never been called such terrible names before.
for
Subordinator
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For introduces a clause with a subject and a to-infinitive
It's not good for you to be too relaxed.
borrowing
—
noun
the appropriation (of ideas or words etc) from another source
the borrowing of ancient motifs was very apparent
—
noun
obtaining funds from a lender
by
Preposition
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near or next to.
The mailbox is by the bus stop.
—
at some time before (the given time).
Be back by ten o'clock!
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if something is done by somebody, it is done through their action
The matter was decided by the chairman.
The boat was swamped by the water.
He was protected by his body armour.
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if something is created by somebody, they are the creator, author, etc.
There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare.
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shows how someone does something
I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.
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using the rules or logic of.
I sorted the items by category.
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with a change of. In this case, by shows how much something has changed.
Our stock is up by ten percent.
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shows how slowly, or how quickly, someone does something (used in the form "X by X" or "by Xs")
We went through the book page by page.
We crawled forward by inches.
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If you multiply mathx/math by mathy/math, you multiply mathx/math × mathy/math.
Five multiplied by seven is 35.
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If you divide mathx/math by mathy/math, you find how many mathy/maths are in mathx/math.
35 divided by seven is five.
the
Determiner
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Used, instead of a, to reference something specific, already known to exist.
Compare "I read a book." and "I read the book."
—
Used with a stress, to show that the word following is special.
Are you the John Smith that I went to school with?
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Used with an adjective that acts like a noun to mean all of the people concerned
The poor are always with us.
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Used with superlatives forms of adjectives and adverbs.
You are the best.
fund
Noun
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A fund is an amount of money kept for a specific purpose.
GM cannot afford to keep paying into the company pension fund.
Our fund-raising campaign has a target of $100,000.
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An organisation's funds are the money that it has.
The school is raising funds to pay for the new library.
The sports centre closed because of a lack of funds.
fund
Verb
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If you fund something, you give it money for its activities.
The project is jointly funded by the Government of Canada and the International Red Cross.
The university will no longer fund research into this drug.