Englishfor English speakers
by
Preposition
—
near or next to.
The mailbox is by the bus stop.
—
at some time before (the given time).
Be back by ten o'clock!
—
if something is done by somebody, it is done through their action
The matter was decided by the chairman.
The boat was swamped by the water.
He was protected by his body armour.
—
if something is created by somebody, they are the creator, author, etc.
There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare.
—
shows how someone does something
I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.
—
using the rules or logic of.
I sorted the items by category.
—
with a change of. In this case, by shows how much something has changed.
Our stock is up by ten percent.
—
shows how slowly, or how quickly, someone does something (used in the form "X by X" or "by Xs")
We went through the book page by page.
We crawled forward by inches.
—
If you multiply mathx/math by mathy/math, you multiply mathx/math × mathy/math.
Five multiplied by seven is 35.
—
If you divide mathx/math by mathy/math, you find how many mathy/maths are in mathx/math.
35 divided by seven is five.
leap
Noun
—
A leap is a jump.
The clown took a leap through the hoop.
leap
Verb
—
When you leap, you jump from one place to another.
The frog leaped from one end of the pond to the other.
and
Conjunction
—
You use and to talk about two things at once.
I like singing and reading.
Mary and Jane went on a holiday together.
—
You use and when you are listing a few things and you are now on your last item of the list.
I like singing, reading, cycling and playing soccer.
I used to like this girl from my class as she is pretty, gentle and caring.
—
And is used when you are putting two sentences together.
She came into the store, shouted at the cashier, and left.
—
Used to show what happened after something else.
The alarm went off and I woke up.
—
And is used to join certain numbers together.
Two hundred and thirty-five people went missing after the earthquake.
bounds
—
noun
(= boundary)
the line or plane indicating the limit or extent of something