Englishfor English speakers
be
Verb
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This verb tells us that a thing is present, or in a place.
The book is on the table.
There was someone in the room.
Were you at the party?
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Happen
The party was on Saturday.
The next meeting will be here.
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Go somewhere; visit someone (only in the present perfect tense)
I've never been to Disneyland.
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A verb we use when describing.
The book is blue.
They were sad about losing the match.
John is 35 years old this year.
Im fine.
He'd like to be a doctor.
The film was terrible!
The book is 5 euro.
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Act like someone or something
Look, Mummy! I'm being a dog! Woof, woof!
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We use a form of be and a gerund-participle to make progressive verb forms.
He is sitting on the chair.
I've been waiting for half an hour.
They will be leaving on Tuesday.
marked
Adjective
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Something that is marked is significant or notable.
There is a marked difference between the small and large shirts.
by
Preposition
—
near or next to.
The mailbox is by the bus stop.
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at some time before (the given time).
Be back by ten o'clock!
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if something is done by somebody, it is done through their action
The matter was decided by the chairman.
The boat was swamped by the water.
He was protected by his body armour.
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if something is created by somebody, they are the creator, author, etc.
There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare.
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shows how someone does something
I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.
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using the rules or logic of.
I sorted the items by category.
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with a change of. In this case, by shows how much something has changed.
Our stock is up by ten percent.
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shows how slowly, or how quickly, someone does something (used in the form "X by X" or "by Xs")
We went through the book page by page.
We crawled forward by inches.
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If you multiply mathx/math by mathy/math, you multiply mathx/math × mathy/math.
Five multiplied by seven is 35.
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If you divide mathx/math by mathy/math, you find how many mathy/maths are in mathx/math.
35 divided by seven is five.