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One such implication is that developing countries will have to substitute real industrial policies for those that operate through the exchange rate.
Unfortunately, there is no ready substitute for the US as a force for advancing human rights internationally.
In this sense, they ignore the fact that the European Union's Stability and Growth Pact has been in principle an important component of political union, not its substitute.
But no amount of lofty rhetoric can substitute for the reforms outlined here - or obviate the need for them.
Substitute Xinjiang for Kazakhstan and Tibet for Ukraine and you get the picture.
But bold assertions, even from central bankers, are no substitute for research and analysis.
Or, to be precise, a carbon tax could substitute for the huge array of taxes that is eventually coming anyway in the wake of massive government budget deficits.
Foreign aid is no substitute for insurance.
It must never be a substitute for the absence of other ideas.
The IMF cannot substitute for governments' choices.
Performance enhancing drugs disguise natural abilities and substitute for the dedication and focus that we admire.
The financial crisis forced sovereign states to substitute their own credit for the credit that had collapsed, and in Europe each state had to do so on its own, calling into question the creditworthiness of European government bonds.
Markets understand that the ECB cannot forever substitute for other government agencies, so they repeatedly call into question its bridging strategy.
So how is it that policymakers have managed to substitute the latter for the former?
French President Nicolas Sarkozy's and German Chancellor Angela Merkel's visits to Georgia and Russia proved that there is no substitute for Europe insofar as the Caucasus is concerned.
The disintegration of the business empire is then accompanied and amplified by bitter disputes between the children and the substitute children.
But Italy, unlike France, is in no position to substitute the beauty of Carla Bruni, Sarkozy's new wife, for real prestige.
One common forecast is that as ever-more advanced robots substitute workers, the cost of labor will become less important, and manufacturing will move back to rich countries.
Finally, there is no substitute for restructuring.
From an economic (and environmental) standpoint, fracking is thus unlikely to bring large benefits for Europe: shale gas might simply substitute for plentiful conventional gas.
But the fact that the ECB's power is only a technocratic substitute for the eurozone's missing democratic political institutions will remain a growing problem in 2013.
Joblessness is the main cause of poverty, and the best protection against it is earned income, for which even France's generous welfare payments are an inadequate substitute.