Englishfor English speakers
if
Preposition
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If is used in a condition:
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# When something will cause something else
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#: If it rains, I will get wet.
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# When a condition is not true
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#: I'd prefer it if you took your shoes off.
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# although
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#: He was a great friend, if a little strange.
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# When ... occurs (a programming statement).
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#: If A, then B, else C.
if
Subordinator
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If is used to report questions and things that are unknown.
She asked if they had arrived yet.
I don't know if I want to go or not.
if
Noun
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If is a conditional situation.
There are many ifs we need to consider before we start on the plan.
the
Determiner
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Used, instead of a, to reference something specific, already known to exist.
Compare "I read a book." and "I read the book."
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Used with a stress, to show that the word following is special.
Are you the John Smith that I went to school with?
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Used with an adjective that acts like a noun to mean all of the people concerned
The poor are always with us.
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Used with superlatives forms of adjectives and adverbs.
You are the best.
case
Noun
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A case is a container to hold something.
He opened the case and pulled out his violin.
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A case is a matter for police or in court.
The judge did not accept his case.
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A case is the form of a noun showing how it is used in a sentence.
The word "he" is in the subject or nominative case.
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A case is a person of a certain kind.
That man is sure a hard case.
case
Verb
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If a police officer cases a house, he or she watches it until something happens.
We were casing a house all night in Brooklyn.