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estuary deposit English
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In addition, a full banking union, starting with eurozone-wide deposit insurance, should be initiated, and moves toward greater political integration must be considered, even as Greece leaves the eurozone.
Argentina's financial panic and the run on its banks that ensued, as well as Asia's financial crisis of 1997, have forced a number of countries to consider adopting deposit insurance schemes to protect their citizens' savings.
But is deposit insurance the best defense against bank panics?
Deposit insurance was a response to banking crises of the type that plagued the United States until the 1930's.
Deposit insurance did away with financial panics because bank runs are typically driven by a self-fulfilling prophecy.
By guaranteeing that there will be enough resources available for patient clients when they want to withdraw their funds, deposit insurance eliminates the coordination failure.
But deposit insurance leads to other problems, which first appeared with the Savings and Loan crisis in the US during the 1980's.
With deposit insurance, clients who no longer risk losing their money have no incentive to monitor their bank, while banks, with no one watching, have incentives to invest in excessively risky projects.
Following that crisis, deposit insurance in the US was reformed with the objective of mitigating the moral hazard problem.
As with deposit insurance, repurchase agreements solve the coordination failure problem because depositors know that, even if they wait, the bank will be able to accommodate their withdrawals.
Implementing liquidity provision policies like those advocated by Bagehot would prevent bank panics without the incentive for undue risk-taking associated with deposit insurance.
The shadow banking system, which is beyond the reach of bank regulators and deposit insurance, fed the boom in home prices by helping provide more credit to buyers.
Second, China's central bank still controls interest rates by enforcing a roughly three-percentage-point spread between deposit rates and lending rates.
But they have not eschewed the use of variable capital and reserve requirements, loan-to-deposit ratios, and thresholds for minimum deposits and maximum leverage as controls on property lending.
In other words, if your trust in the market and in the way it is regulated fell sharply, you were less likely to deposit money in banks or invest in stocks.
As the deposit flight accelerated, the economy went into a tailspin and social tensions exploded.
But what happens if, like in Argentina, deposit flight continues and accelerates?
Traditional lending and deposit-taking still offers much growth potential - and may become more attractive relative to investment banking or asset management as a result of new regulation.
In 2007, the Metallurgical Corporation of China won the concession for the Aynak copper deposit in Logar Province.
In 2011, a group of Indian state and private companies won the concession for the Hajigak iron-ore deposit in Bamyan Province.
The run-up in prices took place at a time when deposit interest rates were officially capped.
The provision of liquidity, the recapitalization of banks, more uniform deposit insurance across the advanced countries - these were all correct and necessary measures.