Englishfor English speakers
a
Determinative
—
A is used when the following word could be any of a certain type.
Compare "A book I saw on the shelf" and "The book I gave you yesterday".
a
Noun
—
A is the first letter of the alphabet.
The letter "a" comes before "b".
—
In some schools, an A is a very high grade.
Ron got an A on his earth science test.
paltry
—
adjective
(= trifling)
not worth considering
he considered the prize too paltry for the lives it must cost
piffling efforts
a trifling matter
—
adjective
(= measly, miserable)
contemptibly small in amount
a measly tip
the company donated a miserable $100 for flood relief
a paltry wage
almost depleted his miserable store of dried beans
sum
Noun
—
A sum is an amount of money, usually a large amount.
The company had been spending large sums on publicity and advertising.
It allows the corporation to pay its workers a lump sum of up to £37,000 on leaving.
—
The sum is the total of adding or subtracting several numbers or amounts.
The total output doesn't equal the sum of the inputs because the system is not 100% efficient.
The sum of the three numbers will always equal 10.
sum
Verb
—
If you sum up, you conclude or bring together the main points.
She sums up the situation by saying that the new family is never the same as the biological family.