Englishfor English speakers
the
Determiner
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Used, instead of a, to reference something specific, already known to exist.
Compare "I read a book." and "I read the book."
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Used with a stress, to show that the word following is special.
Are you the John Smith that I went to school with?
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Used with an adjective that acts like a noun to mean all of the people concerned
The poor are always with us.
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Used with superlatives forms of adjectives and adverbs.
You are the best.
summer
Noun
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The part of the year when the weather is hot.
There is no school in the summer.
was
Verb
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A form of the verb be used to talk about yourself, or another person in the past.
I was singing in the shower.
Who was that girl you were talking to?
too
Adverb
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If you say I am too tall, I am taller than I should be.
You can't come in. You are too dirty.
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Also, in addition, and.
"I've got you, my pretty, and your little dog, too."
short
Adjective
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If something is short then there is a small distance from the bottom to the top. The opposite is tall.
I can't reach the table because I'm too short.
The more I use the pencil, the shorter it becomes.
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If something is short then there is a small distance from the one end to the other. The opposite is long.
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If something is short then it takes a little time.