Englishfor English speakers
the
Determiner
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Used, instead of a, to reference something specific, already known to exist.
Compare "I read a book." and "I read the book."
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Used with a stress, to show that the word following is special.
Are you the John Smith that I went to school with?
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Used with an adjective that acts like a noun to mean all of the people concerned
The poor are always with us.
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Used with superlatives forms of adjectives and adverbs.
You are the best.
new
Adjective
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If something is new, it is not old.
They had a new car.
In 1900, the idea was very new.
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If somebody is new, they are not experienced.
They hired a new worker.
republic
Noun
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A republic is a country that has leaders elected that are by the people.
Many have pointed out that the United States is a republic, not a pure democracy.