Englishfor English speakers
the
Determiner
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Used, instead of a, to reference something specific, already known to exist.
Compare "I read a book." and "I read the book."
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Used with a stress, to show that the word following is special.
Are you the John Smith that I went to school with?
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Used with an adjective that acts like a noun to mean all of the people concerned
The poor are always with us.
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Used with superlatives forms of adjectives and adverbs.
You are the best.
lost
Adjective
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If you are lost you do not know where you are. You might not know how to get home.
I was lost in the woods for a week.
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If something is lost you do not know where it is.
My phone is lost.
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If something is lost it is gone. It might not exist any more.
All my hope is lost.
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If something is lost it has failed.
Trying to reach her is a lost cause.
chapter
Noun
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A chapter is a main division of a book.
We read chapter five in the blue textbook.
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A chapter is a local part of a larger organisation.
The Toronto chapter of the Red Cross is collecting blood today.